(5) However, the SARS-CoV-2 virus is still circulating. Therefore, Member States should stand ready to act in a coordinated and proportionate manner in case the epidemiological situation deteriorates significantly, including due to the emergence of a new variant of concern or of interest.

(6) In particular, where the epidemiological situation in a third country or region worsens significantly, Member States should, where necessary, limit non-essential travel with the exception of persons who have been vaccinated or recovered, or have been tested negatively by Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT) within 72 hours before their departure. This should not prevent Member States from taking additional measures upon arrival such as, for example, additional testing, self-isolation or quarantine.

(7) Whenever a Member State introduces COVID-19-related restrictions in accordance with Council Recommendation 2022/107, Member States should, within the Council structures and in close cooperation with the Commission, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the Health Security Committee, coordinate with a view to determining whether similar restrictions should be introduced regarding travel from third countries to Member States. Information on any new measures should be published as early as possible and, as a general rule, at least 48 hours before they come into effect, taking into account that some flexibility is required for epidemiological emergencies (8) In this context, the EU Digital COVID certificate established by Regulations (EU) 2021/953 of the European Parliament and of the Council and (EU) 2021/954 of the European Parliament and of the Council should remain the point of reference for proving vaccination, recovery and testing. This should also cover certificates issued by third countries that are covered by an implementing decision adopted pursuant to Article 3(10) or Article 8(2) of Regulation (EU) 2021/953.

(9) Furthermore, when a variant of concern or of interest emerges in a third country or region, Member States should continue to have the possibility to take, in a coordinated manner, urgent, time-limited and flexible measures in order to delay and prepare for the introduction of such a variant of concern or of interest.

(10) This Recommendation should also provide for the necessary exemptions from restrictions on travel from third countries to the Member States. Persons travelling for an essential need or function should be allowed to travel to the Member States and other countries to whom the Schengen acquis applies also where the emergency brake applies. For this purpose, the list of essential travellers should be adapted to limit it to those persons who must be able to travel even in such situations.

(11) Similarly, Union citizens and third-country nationals legally residing in the Union should always be able to return to their Member State of nationality or residence, but may be subject to measures upon arrival. Children under 12 years of age should not be required to be in the possession of a proof of vaccination, recovery or a test.

(12) In accordance with Articles 1 and 2 of Protocol No 22 on the Position of Denmark annexed to the Treaty on European Union and to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Denmark is not taking part in the adoption of this Recommendation. Given that this Recommendation builds upon the Schengen acquis, Denmark should, in accordance with Article 4 of the said Protocol, decide within a period of six months after the Council has decided on this Recommendation whether it will implement it.

(13) This Recommendation constitutes a development of the provisions of the Schengen acquis in which Ireland does not take part, in accordance with Council Decision 2002/192/EC. Ireland is therefore not taking part in its adoption and is not subject to its application.

(14) As regards Iceland and Norway, this Recommendation constitutes a development of the provisions of the Schengen acquis within the meaning of the Agreement concluded by the Council of the European Union and the Republic of Iceland and the Kingdom of Norway concerning the latter’s association with the implementation, application and development of the Schengen acquis which fall within the area referred to in Article 1, point A, of Council Decision 1999/437/EC.

(15) As regards Switzerland, this Recommendation constitutes a development of the provisions of the Schengen acquis within the meaning of the Agreement between the European Union, the European Community and the Swiss Confederation on the Swiss Confederation’s association with the implementation, application and development of the Schengen acquis which fall within the area referred to in Article 1, point A, of Decision 1999/437/EC read in conjunction with Article 3 of Council Decision 2008/146/EC.

(16) As regards Liechtenstein, this Recommendation constitutes a development of provisions of the Schengen acquis within the meaning of the Protocol between the European Union, the European Community, the Swiss Confederation and the Principality of Liechtenstein on the accession of the Principality of Liechtenstein to the Agreement between the European Union, the European Community and the Swiss Confederation on the Swiss Confederation’s association with the implementation, application and development of the Schengen acquis which fall within the area referred to in Article 1 point A, of Decision 1999/437/EC read in conjunction with Article 3 of Council Decision 2011/350/EU.

(17) All Member States should, in the interest of the proper functioning of the Schengen area, decide on any reintroduction of restrictions on non-essential travel into the Union in a coordinated manner,